Maryland Shared Open Access Repository

MD-SOAR is a shared digital repository platform for twelve colleges and universities in Maryland. It is currently funded by the University System of Maryland and Affiliated Institutions (USMAI) Library Consortium (usmai.org) and other participating partner institutions. MD-SOAR is jointly governed by all participating libraries, who have agreed to share policies and practices that are necessary and appropriate for the shared platform. Within this broad framework, each library provides customized repository services and collections that meet local institutional needs. Please follow the links below to learn more about each library's repository services and collections.

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Recent Submissions

INFLUENZA VACCINE SHORTAGES COULD BE MITIGATED BY APPLYING REGULATORY HARMONIZATION
(2013-05) Moore, Devon; Hood College Biology; Biomedical and Environmental Science
Seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine shortages continue to occur despite regulatory agency recommendations and manufacturers' awareness. To achieve the public health goal of protecting the human population against seasonal influenza, vaccines will have to be produced more efficiently and with a broader target in order to manufacture sufficient quantities of a safe and efficacious product to meet increasing demands. To evaluate the current problem areas in the influenza vaccine industry, manufacturing malfunctions were researched and analyzed, guidance documents for the industry were highlighted, regulatory processes were researched and analyzed, and new and future influenza vaccine technologies were evaluated. In order to mitigate influenza vaccine shortages, manufacturing companies and regulatory agencies can work together to achieve regulatory harmonization as defined by the ideals of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Harmonization of technical guidelines and requirements, refining duplicate testing procedures, newly developed technologies and dialogue between authorities, the influenza vaccine industry can successfully mitigate vaccine shortages.
THE "SOILING" OF SOUTHERN WOMANHOOD: THE SOUND AND THE FURY'S CADDY COMPSON
(2009-05) Moore, Christina; Hood College Arts and Humanities; Humanities
While the Writer in Residence at the University of Virginia (1957-1958), William Faulkner was asked which book he considered to be his best. Faulkner responded, "The one that failed the most tragically and the most splendidly. That was The Sound and the Fury the one that I worked at the longest, the hardest, that was to me the most passionate and moving idea, and made the most splendid failure" (qtd. in Bleikasten 1). In his book, The Most Splendid Failure, Faulkner critic, Andre Bleikasten, wrote, "With The Sound and the Fury something happened to Faulkner that had never happened before and would never happen again. . . for the writer,. . . it was much more than a book: a crucial moment in his career, a unique experience in his life" (43). Bleikasten went on to describe The Sound and the Fury as a novel "about lack and loss, in which desire is always intimately bound up with death" (53). Much of what is lacking or lost is experienced by three brothers—Benjy, Quentin, and Jason Compson—with the primary catalyst for their loss being their sister, Caddy. Whether present or absent, Caddy Compson—Faulkner's "beautiful and tragic little girl" (qtd. in Bleikasten 53)—is a compelling character. Caddy Compson has been called "the veritable centerpiece of The Sound and the Fury" (Padgett, "Sound" np). Each of her three brothers views Caddy in a different light. She is "a caring, maternal figure to Benjy, a virgin/whore who upset his sense of the propriety of Southern womanhood to Quentin, and an object of envy and detestation. . . to Jason" (Padgett, "Sound" np). While her brothers' feelings for her may differ in sentiment, all three Compson brothers are obsessed with Caddy and what she as a girl/woman represents to each of them. These obsessions ultimately lead to tragic consequences for the entire Compson family.
Risk Assessment by Tessellated Darters, Etheostoma olmstedi
(2007-05) Moody, Bryan R.; Hood College Biology; Biomedical and Environmental Science
The ability of prey animals to assess predation risks within their respective environments and to appropriately modify behaviors in response to potential threats provides individuals with a greater likelihood of survival. Heitman's (1989) threat sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis proposes that prey animals adjust survival behaviors in response to an assessment of risk. Lima and Bednekoff (1999) expanded on this concept with their development of the predation risk allocation hypothesis, suggesting prey animals adjust survival behaviors in response to an assessment of temporal variations of risk from a base level of predation. Survival is improved by limiting predator avoidance activities to a level that permits increased foraging and reproduction while still providing for reduced predation (Lima and Dill, 1990). The development of efficient risk assessment systems would therefore benefit individuals through natural selection.
The Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-B1 on IL-3 Induced Phosphorylation in Murine Primary Myeloid Cells and Cell Lines
(1993-05) Mood, Kathleen T.; Hood College Biology; Biomedical and Environmental Science
Studies of hematopoiesis have led to the observation that the regulation of this process is influenced by many growth factors which can have both positive and negative effects. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-βl) is a member of a family of polypeptides which regulates cell growth and differentiation. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the possible mechanisms for the effects of TGF-β on hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. TGF-β is a direct, bidirectional modulator of colony stimulating factor (CSF) -induced hematopoietic progenitor cell growth (Keller and Ruscetti, 1991). These effects have been shown to correlate with TGF-β-induced modulation of CSF receptor expression (Jacobsen et al., 1991, Jacobsen et al., 1992). Since interleukin-3 (IL-3) and other CSF's have been shown to rapidly induce phosphorylation (5-10 min) of a variety of proteins in cell lines, the effects TGF-β would have on these early IL-3 induced signals in both a cell line and normal bone marrow were examined. The findings were then compared with CSF receptor down modulation on these cells. IL-3 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of a variety of proteins in both normal murine bone marrow cells and in a cloned hematopoietic cell line, 32DCL-23, in a time-dependent manner. TGF-β inhibited IL-3 induced tyrosine phosphorylation that was detectable following 3 to 6 hrs of TGF-β pre-incubation, and this inhibition was maximal by 24 hrs. TGF-β alone had no significant effect on phosphorylation prior to 24 hrs. There were common proteins phosphorylated in response to IL-3 in normal bone marrow and in 32DCL-23, including a 140 kd protein, thought to be the receptor complex (Sorensen, et al. ,1989). The decrease in phosphorylation observed was a generalized decrease, affecting all but one of the proteins induced by IL-3 and the decrease in phosphorylation ranged from 2 to 3 fold. TGF-β did not affect early IL-3 induced phosphorylation. However, TGF-β did inhibit phosphorylation after 3 to 6 hrs of pre-incubation. This delayed effect correlated temporally with depressed CSF receptor expression on these cells, suggesting that receptor down modulation might represent one mechanism for the TGF-β induced inhibition of IL-3 stimulated phosphorylation.
The Evaluation of a monovalent Botulinum type F vaccine by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(1996-04) Montgomery, Vicky A.; Hood College Biology; Biomedical and Environmental Science
Clostridium botulinum produces 7 protein neurotoxins (A-G) for which the current vaccine protects against serotypes A-E. A recently developed, formalin-inactivated, pure botulinum type F toxoid was tested in 35 adult volunteers. The serum from the vaccinated volunteers was evaluated for antibody response, by ELISA, at various time intervals over the period of one year. Nonimmune serum from 150 individuals was tested to quantitate the baseline antibody response. The antibody response was measured for varying doses of vaccine (2, 5, or 10 jig), and after single or multiple (2 or 3 doses @ 10 pg) immunizations. Ten out of 15 (67%) individuals seroconverted after receiving a single dose. Six months after immunization, 20% were antibody-positive. After 2 immunizations, there was an 85% (17/20) seroconversion rate; 3 doses gave 90% (9/10) seroconversion. One year after initial immunization, 63% and 80% of individuals receiving two or three immunizations respectively, were antibody positive. After the third immunization, ELISA titers were positively correlated with mouse lethality neutralization titers (r² = 0.86). Paired sera from pre and post-immunization collections were tested for antibody cross-reactivity/booster-response to botulinum toxins A, B, C, and E after receiving the type F vaccine. Of five individuals, immunized first with the type F vaccine, three volunteers had a demonstrable enhancement in antibody response to type F toxin after receiving the pentavalent vaccine. Among 12 individuals immunized first with the pentavalent botulinum toxoid, one volunteer had an increased antibody response to type E toxin. The data suggest that the type F and pentavalent vaccines produce a cross-anamnestic response in some individuals. When given multiple immunizations, the botulinum type F vaccine elicits a protective antibody response. Single immunizations, at any of the tested dosages, elicited a lower and shorter-lived antibody response than multiple immunizations.